## Gauss-Kronrod quadrature formulae - A survey of fifty years of research

Sotirios E. Notaris

### Abstract

Kronrod in 1964, trying to estimate economically the error of the $n$-point Gauss quadrature formula for the Legendre weight function, developed a new formula by adding to the $n$ Gauss nodes $n+1$ new ones, which are determined, together with all weights, such that the new formula has maximum degree of exactness. It turns out that the new nodes are zeros of a polynomial orthogonal with respect to a variable-sign weight function, considered by Stieltjes in 1894, without though making any reference to quadrature. We survey the considerable research work that has been emerged on this subject, during the past fifty years, after Kronrod's original idea.

Full Text (PDF) [440 KB], BibTeX

65D32, 33C45

### Links to the cited ETNA articles

 [2] Vol. 9 (1999), pp. 26-38 G. S. Ammar, D. Calvetti, and L. Reichel: Computation of Gauss-Kronrod quadrature rules with non-positive weights [35] Vol. 41 (2014), pp. 1-12 Aleksandar S. Cvetković and Miodrag M. Spalević: Estimating the error of Gauss-Turán quadrature formulas using their extensions [83] Vol. 9 (1999), pp. 65-76 Walter Gautschi: Orthogonal polynomials and quadrature [87] Vol. 25 (2006), pp. 129-137 Walter Gautschi: The circle theorem and related theorems for Gauss-type quadrature rules [129] Vol. 28 (2007-2008), pp. 168-173 Dirk Laurie: Variable-precision arithmetic considered perilous - a detective story